Bonn: Symposium zur zeitgenössischen iranischen Kunst -19./20.Mai 2012

Die Abteilung für Kunstgeschichte der Universität Bonn veranstaltet am Samstag und Sonntag, 19. und 20. Mai, ein öffentliches Symposium zur iranischen zeitgenössischen Kunst. Zur Konferenz, zum Abendvortrag sowie zur begleitenden Ausstellung sind Medien und Interessierte herzlich willkommen. Der Eintritt ist frei. Mahmoud Doulatabadi, einer der bedeutendsten Schriftsteller Irans, trägt aus seinen Werken vor. Die iranische Künstlerin Parastou Forouhar, die vor kurzem mit dem Sophie von La Roche-Preis ausgezeichnet wurde, ist ebenfalls zum Symposium eingeladen. Der Künstler Behrang Samadzadegan aus Teheran und Shahram Entekhabi aus Berlin nehmen an der Podiumsdiskussion teil.

Das Interesse an iranischer Kunst, Literatur und Kultur hat in Europa eine lange Tradition, doch fehlt es vor allem in Bezug auf die zeitgenössische Kunst Irans in vielerlei Hinsicht an systematischen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, die den spezifischen historischen, politischen und kulturellen Grundlagen ihrer Entstehung und Betrachtung gerecht wird. Im Zuge der wachsenden Rolle, die der zeitgenössischen Kunst des Nahen Ostens im Zeitalter der Globalisierung und der Verschiebung politischer, wirtschaftlicher und religiöser Machtstrukturen zukommt, wird auch der komplexen jungen und spannungsreichen iranischen Kunstszene zunehmend Gewicht beigemessen.

Iran Feature: A Pilgrimage Site for the Supreme Leader’s Bottom

(2 May 2012) The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran released a video, Iran’s Future Held Captive, and accompanying letter-writing initiative today calling attention to the government’s intensified crackdown on Iranian campuses. This video stands in solidarity with a call by the Iranian student association Daftar Tahkim Vahdat and alumni association Advar Tahkim Vahdat, and Speak Out for Imprisoned Iranian Students, a campaign launched by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Shirin Ebadi and human rights organizations.

The video describes the intense repression confronting Iranian students for their activities at school. Students not only face being banned and expelled from university, but they also face prosecution and long prison sentences, as well as the possibility of mistreatment while in prison.

The video highlights the situation of 30 students who are currently in prison. These students, including Zia Nabavi, Bahareh Hedayat, and Majid Tavakoli, have been given lengthy prison sentences simply for expressing their beliefs and participating in student organizations.

The Campaign strongly urges Iranian authorities to release student prisoners of conscience and condemns the violation of Iranian students’ rights to education, expression, and association and assembly.

The Latest from Iran (2 May): Books and Politics

Banned: Cheshmeh Publishing House1600 GMT: Parliament v. President. We noted yesterday that Speaker of Parliament Ali Larijani had sharply responded to President Ahmadinejad’s assertion that ““the cancelation of government acts by the parliament is against the Constitution”.

Perhaps even more significant is the rebuke of Gholam Ali Haddad Adel, who said the “the interpretation of the Constitution and…what Parliament is doing in regards to the Government…is solely the responsibility of the Guardian Council”.

Iran Feature: A Pilgrimage Site for the Supreme Leader’s Bottom

In a twist on the archetypal American plaque to its Founding Father, “George Washington Slept Here”, Iran now has the tribute “The Supreme Leader Sat Here“.

The rock upon which Ayatollah Khamenei sat in May 2005 while taking a rest from trekking a mountain in Kerman has been memorialised. A signpost with his image says the Supreme Leader perched on the spot on 6 May 2005. Some bloggers have given it the less exalted title of “a pilgrimage site for Khamenei’s bottom”.

Maya Neyestani has an alternative inscription, “Marking the Place Where Grandpa Spat”:

Auch Guam verurteilt die Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Iran

Guam ist die größte Insel des Marianen-Archipels im Pazifik. Das zu den USA gehörige Gebiet hat einen eigenen gewählten Gouverneur und eine eigene Legislative. Der Senat der westpazifischen Inselregion forderte die USA nun auf, den Iran wegen seiner Menschenrechtsverletzungen weiterhin unter Druck zu setzen. Eine entsprechende Resolution wurde am 27. April von den Senatorinnen und Senatoren einstimmig verabschiedet, wie der Bahá’í World News Service berichtet. Vierzehn Senatoren stimmten für die Resolution, ein Senator war nicht anwesend und stimmte nicht mit ab.

Die Resolution wurde von Senatssprecherin Judith Won Pat und zwei weiteren Senatoren eingebracht und drängt den US-Kongress und Präsident Obama im Namen der Bevölkerung Guams dazu, “sich weiterhin zu bemühen, die Islamische Republik Iran dazu anzuhalten, ihrer Jugend den Zugang zu Hochschulbildung nicht wegen ihres Glaubens vorzuenthalten.“ Die Resolution zitiert auch die offizielle Regierungspolitik des Iran, wonach sicherzustellen sei, “dass ‚Fortschritt und Entwicklung‘ der Bahá’í blockiert” werden solle. Dies beinhaltet auch die Anweisung, dass Bahá’í “aus Universitäten ausgeschlossen werden müssen.”

Sprecherin Judith Won Pat (Bildmitte) brachte die Iran-Resolution in den Senat des westpazifischen Inselstaates Guam ein. (Foto: BWNS)

„Auch wenn Guam klein und weit enfernt von der Situation in Iran ist, wollen wir der Welt zeigen, dass wir Mitgefühl mit dem Leid und der Verfolgung der Bahá’í haben”, sagte Benjamin J.F. Cruz, Vize-Sprecher des Senats, der die Resolution miteinbrachte. Staatssekretärin Tina Rose Muña Barnes meinte bereits während einer Anhörung am 16. April: “Ich habe mit meinem Namen die Resolution unterzeichnet, weil ich überzeugt bin, dass Bildung und Wissen ein Schlüssel zum Erfolg sind. Und in dem Wissen, dass Jugendlichen diese Chance vorenthalten wird, fragte ich mich, wie ich Stellung beziehen und meine Stimme erheben kann. Wir sollten keine Angst davor haben, uns zu erheben und zu sagen: Ich möchte helfen.”

Die Bahá’í-Religion wurde auf Guam erstmals 1936 erwähnt. Heute leben etwa 200 Bahá’í auf der Insel. “Wir hoffen, dass diese Resolution dazu beitragen wird, das Ende der Verweigerung von Bildung für die iranischen Bahá’í-Jugendlichen zu beschleunigen, damit sie sich frei für ihr Land und die Welt engagieren können”, sagte ein Sprecher der Bahá’í-Gemeinde von Guam.

Quelle: Bahá’í News

Iran News Round Up (May 1)

Politics Reports on a widening gap between the Islamic Steadfastness Front and the United Principled Front in the run-up to the second round of the parliamentary elections: The United Principled Front complains about SMS campaigns against the party, and accuses “deviant [Ahmadinejad supporters, including the Islamic Steadfastness Front], corrupt [Rafsanjani supporters], and seditionist groups [the reformist camp]” of negative campaigning against the front. Bultan News, close to the Islamic Steadfastness Front, questions the revolutionary credentials of parliamentary candidate Alireza Zakani of the United Principled Front, and  depicts him as “someone who breaks bread with Hashemi [Rafsanjani].” Farda News reports on conflicts within the Islamic Steadfastness Front: Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi warns against the current of deviation, a reference to Ahmadinejad, while Hojjat al-Eslam Mostafa Aqa-Tehrani dismisses such allegations against “the current of deviation.” Parliamentary Speaker Ali Larijani reacts to Ahmadinejad’s circular in which the president asked the executive branch not to follow the instructions of the legislature: “Yesterday the president issued an unnecessary circular… According to the constitution, the cabinet must submit its bills to the speaker of the parliament. Should there be a discrepancy between the bill and the spirit or text of the constitution, and should the bill not be corrected, that bill is null and void and [legislature asks the] executive branch not to enact it… Most of the bills of the cabinet are not contrary to the constitution, but some of them have differences with the constitution. This is not an issue which necessitates a brawl in the country…” So does Gholam-Ali Haddad Adel. Diplomacy Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast dismisses Saudi Arabia’s claim that the Islamic Republic tried to assassinate the Saudi Ambassador in Egypt: “Baseless claims are made by states which do not take the interests of the world of Islam into consideration. This will only gladden the Zionist regimeand its backers.” [E] Afghanistan’s Second Vice-President Mohammad Karim Khalili underlined the positive effects of his country’s economic ties and cooperation with Iran, and said that consolidation of the relations with Iran would open the way for Afghanistan’s progress and prosperity. [E] Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani in separate meetings with Chinese and Afghan lawmakers underlined Iran’s readiness to cooperate with the two countries in the field of legislation. [E] Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesman Ramin Mehman-Parast Tuesday lashed out at certain regional countries for arming Syrian rebels, and warned that these states intend to spark a civil war in the Arab country.

Military and Security Ramezan Sharif, Revolutionary Guards Public Relations commander: “Position of the Guards towards the parties, movements and political groups are totally transparent. And a historical and substantive investigation into the allegations made against the Guards would demonstrate the unreal and incorrect nature of those allegations… In accordance with its raison d’etre, the Guards considers itself the defender of the discourse of the Islamic revolution and the Guardianship of the Jurist, and is against discourses opposing the revolution and the Leader. Not tolerating this independent and legal position [of the Guards] has created the dissatisfaction and allegations made by some self interested individuals and currents… When suitable occasions arise, particularly in an election time, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps… considers it a duty to clarify its positions to the public opinion, so that it can frustrate the efforts of some self interested individuals and currents, who claim the Guards backs a particular group.” Alireza Tangsiri, Revolutionary Guards Navy deputy, says foreign vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz seek permission from the Revolutionary Guards Navy. [E] The Deployment of the US F-22 stealth aircraft in Al Dafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a harmful move and disturbs regional security, senior Iranian defense officials cautioned.

The conditional release of newly converted Christians,after posting bail,from prison of Isfahan

Following a series of orchestrated and coordinated attacks by the secret agents of the ministry of Information in Isfahan that resulted in the arrest of a Christian pastor and several newly converted believers, some of the detainees were temporarily released after more than 2 months of captivity by posting bail and agreeing to strict conditions.

According to reports received by the Iranian Christian News, “Mohabat News”, several newly converted Christians that were rounded up and arrested in a series of coordinated home invasions by the secret agents of the government were temporarily released on April 30, 2012, after spending more than 2 months in detention, by posting bail and agreeing to strict release conditions.

The above mention attacks occurred at 7:00 am on February 22, 2012 by plain clothes security officers of the ministry of Information in the city of Isfahan in which Hekmat Salimi, the official pastor of the St. Paul Church of Isfahan, was arrested along with several other newly converted Christians. This attack was just beginning of these coordinated and pre-planned attacks thatresulted in other arrests as well.

 

(Esfahan, 439 KMs south of Tehran, the capital)

 

Mr. Hekmat Salimi is a Farsi-speaking pastor who was arrested and charged with propagating Christianity among the Farsi-speaking Iranians of Isfahan. He is still being held in Dastgerd prison in uncertainty. It is said that a bail of 50,000,000 Tomans (approximately 40,000 USD) is demanded for his release but judicial authorities have refused to receive the demanded bail as yet. He has been a Christian for more than 30 years and has published several theological books and Christian poems.

Following the arrest of this pastor, the wave of arrests and detention of newly converted Christians in the Isfahan and the surrounding towns began to intensify and reports indicate that all of the subsequent arrest that happened at the homes or the work places of these Christians followed a similar pattern. It seems that these attacks had been a well-planned and coordinated strategy by the secret agents of the Ministry of Information.

Other arrested believers whose names are available at this time are: Majid Enayat, Shahram Ghaedi, Enayat Jafari, Fariborz Parsi-Nejad, Keyhan Amirian, Khodadad Nasiri, Javad…, and Misem Hojatti, and Ms. Shahnaz Zarifi and Ms. Maryam Delaram.

These arrested believers have been charged with believing the tenants of Christianity, evangelizing the Christian gospel, possession of the Bible and other Christian books, attendance at house-churches, and contact with foreign Christian organizations. They had been interrogated several times in the past and were temporarily release from detention after posting bail and agreeing to return to the court in the future. (the names as well as details will be published)

Among other arrested and detained Christians mention must be made of Giti Hakim-Pour who at the age 87 was arrested and after 3 days due to her illness and weakness was allowed to post bail and be temporarily released.

All of the arrested Christians were taken to the Dastgerd prison of Isfahan for interrogation and were held in the A-T wing of the prison which is reserved for the political prisoners. Moreover and in order to exert more pressure on these Christian believers and their families no visitations were allowed during the Iranian new-year celebrations.

The recent waves of attacks and arrests of Christians in Isfahan and other cities in Iran by the security apparatus of the government is a desperate attempt to curb the ever-increasing interest and conversion of many Iranians by creating an atmosphere of fear and terror in the hearts of the Iranian population.

Press Freedom Day: Report lists Iran among world’s “worst of the worst”

As the world prepares to mark the UN-declared Press Freedom Day on Thursday, the Iranian regime continues to crack down on journalists and control and censor the Internet.

“Independent media nonexistent or barely able to operate”

A new report by Freedom House lists Iran and seven other countries as the “worst of the worst” for press freedom. “In these states, independent media are either nonexistent or barely able to operate, the press acts as a mouthpiece for the regime, citizens’ access to unbiased information is severely limited, and dissent is crushed through imprisonment, torture, and other forms of repression,” the watchdog group said in its annual survey released this week. [1]

According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Iran is the world’s worst journalist Jailer, keeping 42 journalists behind bars. [2]

Iran is ranked 175th out of 179 countries in the Reporters Without Borders press freedom index released in January 2012. “Hounding and humiliating journalists has been part of officialdom’s political culture for years. The regime feeds on persecution of the media,” the report says. [3]

Repeated jamming of international TV stations

In February, BBC Director General Mark Thompson wrote, “interference and harassment from the Iranian authorities has become a challenging fact of life” for those working for the BBC Persian service. [4]

“In recent months, we have witnessed increased levels of intimidation alongside disturbing new tactics. This includes an attempt to put pressure on those who work for BBC Persian outside Iran, by targeting family members who still live inside the country,” he said in a blog post, describing “a campaign of bullying and harassment by the Iranian authorities.”

Thompson also complained of the “repeated jamming of international TV stations such as BBC Persian TV, preventing the Iranian people from accessing a vital source of free information”.

Iran’s efforts to disrupt the BBC Persian service are part of the regime’s struggle against the so-called “soft war” — a cultural invasion allegedly supported by the West.

In 2010, the Iranian government banned its citizens from having contact with 60 organizations it said were involved in the “soft war” against the Islamic Republic. The list included media groups such as the BBC and Voice of America. [5]

Enemy of the internet

In recent months, Tehran has also been mounting new clampdowns on Internet access and expression. “Iran’s already harsh repression has become even more brutal,” Reporters Without Borders said in a report released last month, naming the Islamic Republic as an “enemy of the Internet.” [6]

The report describes how death penalties against blog­gers and journalists, waves of arrests of online activists, tougher cyber regulations, and increasingly effective state-run firewalls have provided Tehran with enhanced means to control and censor the Internet.

Read more about Iran’s war against the Internet

New sanctions target Iran’s “electronic curtain”

To counter what US President Barack Obama called an “electronic curtain” descending on Iran, [7] his administration last week imposed new sanctions against those who provide Tehran with “information and communications technology that facilitates computer or network disruption, monitoring, or tracking that could assist in or enable grave rights abuses.” [8]

The EU, too, bans “exports of equipment and software intended for use in the monitoring or interception of internet and telephone communications by the Iranian authorities”.  [9]

In March, the EU added 17 persons responsible for serious human rights violations to the list of those subject to a travel ban and an asset freeze.  The new additions include Iran’s minister of information and communication and the head of the state broadcasting network. EU diplomats explained the renewed focus on censorship: “Internet activities and bloggers have faced a harsh crackdown over the last couple of months and that’s behind the targeting of officials associated with information technology.” [10]

---

References:

[1] “Freedom of the Press 2012”, Freedom House,http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FOTP%202012%20Booklet.pdf

[2] “Special Reports: Imprisonments jump worldwide, and Iran is worst”, CPJ, December 8, 2011,
http://cpj.org/reports/2011/12/journalist-imprisonments-jump-worldwide-and-iran-i.php

[3] “World Press Freedom Index 2011-2012”, Reporters Without Borders, January 25,2012,
http://en.rsf.org/IMG/CLASSEMENT_2012/C_GENERAL_ANG.pdf

[4] “The harassment of BBC Persian journalists”, BBC, Feb.3, 2012,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2012/02/the_harassment_of_bbc_persian.html

[5] “Iran ‘bars co-operation with foreign groups’”, BBC, January 5, 2010,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8441376.stm

[6] “Internet Enemies Report 2012”, RSF, March 12, 2012,
http://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport-internet2012_ang.pdf

[7] “Obama slams Iran’s ‘electronic curtain’ of censorship”, March 20, 2012,http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j_-CgXu5HksBbsE8WEOdnAyqD6og?docId=CNG.3822ca29b926c1b6bd8f823e3308563a.81

[8]“ Blocking the Property and Suspending Entry into the United States of Certain Persons with Respect to Grave Human Rights Abuses by the Governments of Iran and Syria via Information Technology”, The White House Press Office, April 23, 2012,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/23/letter-blocking-property-and-suspending-entry-united-states-certain-pers

[9] “Human Rights Violations: Council Tightens Sanctions Against Iran”, Council of the European Union, March 23, 2012,
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/129215.pdf 

[10] “EU names 17 Iranians sanctioned over human rights”, Reuters, March 25, 2012,
http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/03/25/iran-eu-sanctions-idINDEE82O01P20120325

Quelle: EU Realite

Eye on Iran: Group Seeks Suspension of Iran From I.M.F.

Top Stories

NYT: ”An American advocacy group that has successfully pushed to isolate Iran economically through sanctions and business boycotts opened a new front in that effort on Tuesday, seeking to pressure the International Monetary Fund to withdraw all its holdings in Iran’s central bank or to suspend Iranian membership. The advocacy group, United Against Nuclear Iran, also castigated the fund’s managing director, Christine Lagarde, over what it called her inappropriate compliments for Iran’s central bank, known as Bank Markazi, and its governor, Mahmoud Bahmani, at the meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Washington last month. Ms. Lagarde had described the Iranian government’s effort to eliminate costly economic subsidies as a constructive step worthy of emulation, and the compliments were widely reported in Iran’s state-run media. ‘The I.M.F. should not be hosting Iranian delegations in the U.S. and elsewhere, and Ms. Lagarde should stop lavishing praise on Iran and Bank Markazi,’ the chief executive of United Against Nuclear Iran, Mark D. Wallace, said in a statement announcing its new effort.” http://t.uani.com/K8UbLs

DEUTSCHE WELLE BLOG AWARDS – Iranisches Blog ist BOBs-Gewinner

“Fenster der Angst”: Als “Best Blog” 2012 wurde in Berlin eine persische Website ausgezeichnet. Betreiber Arash Sigarchi legt die Finger in die Wunden der iranischen Politik – doch das kann er nur noch aus dem Exil.

“Es ist ein absoluter Skandal”, schreibt Arash Sigarchi in seinem Blog, “doppelt beschämend für die Islamische Republik Iran.” Stein des Anstoßes: Ein hochrangiger iranischer Diplomat hatte in Brasilien junge Mädchen sexuell belästigt. In westlichen Zeitungen war das ungeschminkt zu lesen. Doch die iranische Botschaft spielte die Angelegenheit als “kulturelles Missverständnis” herunter. “Das Regime gibt vor, sich an religiöse Regeln zu halten”, wettert Sigarchi weiter. “Außereheliche Beziehungen gelten als Sünde und Verbrechen. Und dann das: sich an Minderjährigen vergreifen!”

Gerichtsurteil: 14 Jahre Haft

Geschichten wie diese, die in iranischen Medien nicht oder anders dargestellt werden, finden sich im Blog “Fenster der Angst”, das der Journalist Arash Sigarchi seit 2008 aus dem amerikanischen Exil in Washington, D.C. betreibt. Vier Jahre zuvor war er im Iran zu einer Haftstrafe von 14 Jahren verurteilt worden. Der Grund: seine kritischen Worte als Journalist.

Arash Sigarchi, Gewinner der BOBs 2012 in der Kategorie “Best Blog”

Zwar gelang es mit Hilfe seiner Anwältin, der Friedensnobelpreisträgerin Shirin Ebadi, das Strafmaß auf drei Jahre zu reduzieren. Doch es folgten neue Rückschläge: Sein Bruder Ashkan kam bei einem Autounfall ums Leben. Schließlich erkrankte Arash Sigarchi auch noch während der Haft an Krebs. Doch aufgegeben hat er nicht. Bei alledem habe er sich einen unbestechlichen Blick bewahrt, sagt BOBs-Juror Arash Abadpour, der selbst aus dem Iran kommt: “Trotz allem, was Sigarchi erlebt hat, ist er als Journalist nicht emotional geworden.” Von anderen Dissidenten sei ihm sogar schon einmal vorgeworfen worden, zu regierungsfreundlich berichtet zu haben. Doch er halte sich eben an Fakten.

Bekanntschaft mit der Zensur

Das ist Sigarchis Devise im “Fenster der Angst” – auch wenn er persönliche Erfahrungen und Ansichten einfließen lässt. “Aber bei allem, was ich poste, bemühe ich mich um Fairness, Ausgewogenheit und Wahrheit. Ich bin Journalist, und alles, was ich poste, wird als journalistische Nachricht wahrgenommen.”

Jurymitglied Arash Abadpour

Dass er schreiben wollte, wusste Arash Sigarchi schon früh. Erste journalistische Erfahrungen machte er als 15-Jähriger. In der Provinz Gilan im Nordiran geboren, arbeitete er bald für eine regionale Zeitung und wurde deren Chefredakteur. Doch dann machte er Bekanntschaft mit der Zensur: Längst nicht alles, was ihm wichtig war, konnte er dort publizieren. Dazu zählten schon damals Berichte über Menschenrechtsverletzungen seitens der Regierung. Was war naheliegender, als unter die Blogger zu gehen. So entstand das “Fenster der Angst”: “Ich habe das Blog damals so genannt, weil ich jeden Tag, wenn ich ein neues Fenster in meinem Browser geöffnet habe, auf schlechte oder beängstigende Nachrichten gestoßen bin.”

Im Gefängnis die BOBs verfolgt

Inzwischen arbeitet Arash Sigarchi in Washington, D.C. für den Sender “Voice of America”. Das “Fenster der Angst” betreibt er trotzdem weiter. Der Name des Blogs ergibt jetzt sogar noch mehr Sinn als früher, findet er: “Als Rundfunk-Mitarbeiter beobachte ich den Iran jeden Tag. In jedem Browser, den ich benutze, bekomme ich schlechte Nachrichten. Zum Beispiel über Hinrichtungen oder Inhaftierungen.”

Vollständiger Artikel

Blog von Arash Sigarchi

Iran: From Mashhad to Tehran – An iranian train trip

Impressionen einer iranischen Zugfahrt. Von Mashhad nach Teheran. 1000km Zugfahrt quer durch den Iran. Die Fahrt dauert etwa 10-12 Std., auch deshalb, weil immer wieder pausiert wird an Haltestellen. Die Fahrt ist eher ein Erlebnis statt eilige Fahrt. Tickets sind ab 3€ zu haben:-) Auch ein Expresszug verkehrt zwischen beiden Städten, dass allerdings in 7 Std. Ein Flug kostet zwischen beiden Städten ab 50-60€.
Impressions of an Iranian train journey. From Mashhad to Tehran. 1000km train journey across Iran. The trip takes about 10-12 hours, also because the train makes some breaks. Tickets can be get from 3 € An express train is also traveling between two cities. A flight costs 40-60€ and takes only 1 hour.
Impressions d’un voyage en train iranienne. De Mashhad à Téhéran. Voyage en train mille kilomètres à travers l’Iran. Le trajet dure environ 10-12 heures, aussi parce que le train fait quelques pauses. Les billets peuvent être obtenir à partir de 3 €